What is the legal term for preventing denial of a fact that has been previously waived?

The legal term for preventing the denial of a fact that has been previously waived is estoppel. This doctrine is rooted in the principle of fairness and is designed to prevent a party from asserting something contrary to what is assumed to be true based on their past conduct or statements. When a party waives a right or a fact, they cannot later deny that waiver in situations where it would be unjust to allow them to do so. For example, if a party has accepted late payments without objection, they may be estopped from later asserting that such payments must be made on time.

In the context of surety and insurance, estoppel can play a critical role, as it helps uphold the reliability of representations made by the parties involved. It promotes consistent behavior and protects parties who may have relied on another's previous actions or admissions.

The other options refer to distinct legal concepts. Warranties relate to promises about the truth of certain facts or the quality of goods. A self-insured fund pertains to a means of managing risk by holding funds to cover potential losses. Waiver refers to the voluntary relinquishment of a known right, but it does not inherently prevent subsequent denial of that fact as estoppel does.